Christopher Columbus Fourth and Last New World Voyage

Christopher Columbus' Fourth and Last New World Voyage On May 11, 1502, Christopher Columbus set out on his fourth and last journey to the New World. He had four boats, and his crucial to investigate unfamiliar territories toward the west of the Caribbean, ideally finding an entry west to the Orient. Columbus explored portions of southern Central America, yet his boats, harmed by a typhoon and termites, self-destructed while he was investigating. Columbus and his men were abandoned on Jamaica for about a year prior being safeguarded. They came back to Spain in late 1504. Prior to the Journey Much had occurred since Columbus’â daring 1492 journey of disclosure. After that memorable excursion, Columbus was sent back to the New World to set up a settlement. Despite the fact that Columbus was a talented mariner, he was an awful director, and the province he established on Hispaniola betrayed him. After his third outing, ​he was captured and sent back to Spain in chains. In spite of the fact that he was immediately liberated by the lord and sovereign, his notoriety was shot. In any case, the crown consented to back one final journey of revelation. Arrangements With regal sponsorship, Columbus before long discovered four secure vessels: Capitana, Gallega, Vizcaã ­na, and Santiago de Palos. His siblings Diego and Bartholomew and his child Fernando marked on, as did a few veterans of his previous excursions. Columbus himself was 51 and was starting to get known around court for being offbeat. He accepted that when the Spanish joined the world under Christianity (which they would do rapidly with gold and riches from the New World) that the world would end. He additionally would in general dress like a straightforward shoeless, dislike the well off man he had become. Hispaniola Columbus was not welcome on the island of Hispaniola, where such a large number of the pioneers recalled his remorseless and incapable organization. All things considered, he went there after first visiting Martinique and Puerto Rico. He was wanting to trade one of his ships (the Santiago de Palos) for a speedier one. While anticipating an answer, he sent word that a tempest was drawing nearer and that the new representative (Nicols de Ovando) should defer the armada heading for Spain. The Hurricane Ovando constrained Columbus to grapple his boats in a close by estuary and overlooked his recommendation, sending the armada of 28 ships on to Spain. A colossal typhoon sank 24 of them: three returned and only one-amusingly, the one containing Columbus’â personal impacts that he wished to send to Spain-showed up securely. A couple of miles away, Columbus’â ships were seriously battered, yet every one of them stayed above water. Over the Caribbean When the tropical storm had passed, Columbus’ little armada set out to search for a section west. The tempests proceeded, and the excursion was a horrific experience. The boats, effectively harmed from the storm, took more maltreatment. In the long run, they arrived at Central America, tying down off the bank of Honduras on an island that many accept to be Guanaja. There they fixed the boats and took on provisions. Local Encounters While investigating Central America, Columbus had an experience many accept to be the first with one of the major inland civic establishments. Columbus’ armada found an exchanging vessel, a long, wide kayak loaded with merchandise and brokers accepted to be Mayan from the Yucatan. The brokers conveyed copper apparatuses and weapons, blades made of wood and stone, materials, and a certain beerlike drink produced using matured corn. Columbus, strangely, chose not to explore this fascinating exchanging progress: rather than turning north when he hit Central America, he traveled south. Focal America to Jamaica Columbus kept investigating toward the southâ along the banks of present-day Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. He met a few local societies, watching maize being developed on patios. They additionally observed stone structures. They exchanged for food and gold at whatever point conceivable. In mid 1503, the boats started to come up short. Notwithstanding the battering they had taken from one tropical storm and a few significant tempests, it was found that they were invaded with termites. Columbus hesitantly set sail for Santo Domingo and help, however his boats just made it to the extent Santa Gloria (St. Ann’s Bay), Jamaica. A Year on Jamaica The boats could go no further. Columbus and his men did what they could, breaking the boats separated to make safe houses and fortresses. They made a harmony with the neighborhood locals, who brought them food. Columbus had the option to get word to Ovando of his scrape, yet Ovando had neither the assets nor the tendency to support him. Columbus and his men moped on Jamaica for a year, enduring tempests, uprisings, and an uncomfortable harmony with the locals. Columbus, with the assistance of one of his books, dazzled the locals by effectively anticipating a shroud. At long last, in June 1504, two ships at long last showed up to get them. Significance of the Fourth Voyage Columbus came back to Spain to discover that his dearest Queen Isabel was passing on. Without her help, Columbus could stay away forever to the New World. He was jumping on in years at any rate, and it is a marvel that he endure the deplorable fourth journey. He passed on in 1506. Columbus’ Fourth Voyage is astounding essentially for some new investigation, generally along the shoreline of Central America. It is additionally important to antiquarians, who esteem the portrayals of the local societies experienced by Columbus’ little armada, especially those areas concerning the Mayan brokers. A portion of the individuals who were along on the fourth journey would later go on to more prominent things, for example, Antonio de Alaminos, a lodge kid who might later ascent to guide and investigate a significant part of the western Caribbean. Columbus’ child Fernando would later compose a history of his well known dad. The Fourth Voyage was a disappointment by practically any norm. A significant number of Columbus’ men kicked the bucket, the boats were lost, and no section toward the west was ever found. Columbus himself could never cruise again. He passed on persuaded that he had discovered Asia, regardless of whether the greater part of Europe previously acknowledged the way that the Americas were an obscure â€Å"New World.† Still, the fourth journey indicated better than some other Columbus’ cruising aptitudes, guts, and strength ascribes that permitted him to find the Americas in any case. Source: Thomas, Hugh. Streams of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York: Random House, 2005.

Mangement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mangement - Assignment Example This exhibits their ability to move in the direction of their absolute best the situational factors are given significance on the grounds that these lay the reason for illustrating how a chief can shape his character in accordance with the work environment necessities. These typify the premise of his flexibility with the work signs †a demonstration that has been regarded as essential for quite a while now. The article likewise makes reference to the requirement for having the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory. This encourages in the preparation and advancement systems of the workers as they can get a handle on an adequate comprehension of how things shape up inside the hierarchical domains (Author Unknown). The job of qualities is comparatively critical as the equivalent uncovers the related condition of concentrating on the administration suggestions. Worker execution relies a lot upon such factors and henceforth the accentuation ought to be put to guarantee that achievement comes ab out when duty is available by any means

Souq waqif and Museum of islamic arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Souq waqif and Museum of islamic expressions - Essay Example The gallery of Islamic workmanship is likewise another such structure in Doha that utilizes conventional engineering, drawing its plan from the Mosque of Ahmad ibn Tulun in Cairo. Conventional design is perceived today as a fortification of the past. With expanded touristic exercises, in Doha, Souq Waqif and the Museum of Islamic Art among different structures fill in as traveler goals as a result of their aesthetic basic plans (Brebbia 301). The conventional building plans in the Arab world imply their appropriateness in the nearby condition that has joined the possibility of supportability. The expanding contemporary compositional plans are mixing with the customary structures to mirror the Qataris Islamic character. A large number of the structures in Qatari are moving to the conventional engineering examples and styles that consolidate both traditionism and innovation. The new structures are replicating Qatari’s customary engineering components and styles, for example, the exhibition hall of Islamic workmanship, and old ones, for example, Souq Waqif that are rebranding to have that conventional standpoint. The gallery sits on a region of around 64 sections of land of a counterfeit island in the Doha cornice and a mobile good ways from the acclaimed Souq Waqif. It was built in 2008 and made its ways for people in general around the same time. The island was made in line with Mr. Pei, who was entrusted to concoct the compositional plan, whose primary point was to make the structure stand apart with the end goal that future structures could never infringe it (Boussaa 62). The possibility of the exhibition hall of Islamic workmanship came after a progression of visits far and wide contemplating Islamic engineering. Mr. Pei visited numerous spots from the stupendous mosque in Cordoba Spain and the incredible mosque of Damascus where he found that atmosphere and culture are imperative in deciphering Islamic design, albeit none of those

The Future of Transmedia Storytelling Essays - Marketing

The Future of Transmedia Storytelling Since the start of mankind, narrating has been a fundamental piece of development and improvement permitting people to share data. The principal types of narrating included motions, drawings, and vocalizations. As humankind developed, further developed correspondence created. For instance, narrating developed to utilizing language and content. Today, there are different types of correspondence, and narrating keeps on being basic in our general public for moving data as transmedia. Comparative with time, transmedia is new. The utilization of transmedia requires an assortment of news sources and mediums. The manner by which narrating is executed has grown fundamentally making it difficult to consider how cutting edge innovation will become later on. A few prospects of transmedia that may show up later on incorporate augmented simulation motion pictures and shows and notice improvement. These new changes can be ascribed to the inexorably rare utilization of physical books and papers. Numerous organizations use transmedia to share their accounts through promotions. Promotions are a cutting edge type of narrating that can be very compelling. With the huge measure of news sources and various individuals observing every one, using whatever number outlets as could reasonably be expected guarantees that numerous individuals will hear and find out about the business. Later on, commercials will keep on creating. Moreover, the quantity of ads and ads in media has Increased quickly inside the previous decade. Furthermore, the length of advertisements on TV have extended essentially. Sites and applications, for example, YouTube, Pandora, Facebook, and numerous others have included notices in the middle of tunes and recordings. This pattern will keep on growing across increasingly well known sites and applications. Moreover, the measure of time individuals spend seeing a screen each day is expanding and will probably keep expanding. This pattern prompts more presentation to ads as their screen time increments and more applications and sites execute promotions. Screens and promotions go connected at the hip. As more things become open from the relaxation of your home, more individuals will use innovation to pick up and move data. This is basic in our way of life: a feeling of speed and simplicity. Another type of ad that will show up more every now and again is notices inside connected gadgets. Today the linkage between electrical gadgets is become getting increasingly clear. As the moves toward that path so will advisements. Your telephone, morning timer, music, vehicle, TV, and some other gadgets will be totally matched up together. The eventual fate of promotions will likewise follow this example. Commercials will be a piece of all these connected gadgets. (Wong) As innovation keeps on propelling, the manner in which stories are told is likewise evolving. For instance, the headways in computer generated reality have been improving every year. Similarly as computer generated reality computer games permit people to encounter the game themselves as though they were genuinely truly there, films can possibly arrive also. An individual would have the option to watch a film while moving around in that setting, encountering the film firsthand. Truth be told, IMAX and Google are planning and making intends to develop a computer generated simulation camera (Cuthbertson). Likewise, this would permit people to see a similar film over and again, yet from various vantage focuses. Besides, there was a film discharged in 2008 named Vantage Point which depicted one episode from three distinctive vantage focuses. The real occasion caught was uniquely about half hour long. Also, this is the manner by which the augmented simulation film experience would work. A watcher could watch the film on various occasions, finding novel and fascinating subtleties each time. At present, there are 360 video cuts, however they are constrained and have an individual remain in one fixed spot as opposed to moving around. Computer generated reality motion pictures are another way that narrating will happen in transmedia. Notwithstanding computer generated reality motion pictures, TV shows will likewise adjust to this new element. The distinction could be the chance of remembering augmented reality ads for TV. A potential case of this would incorporate plugs that expect people to finish a short undertaking to keep watching the show. By and by, advertisements actualize visual guides to keep watchers engaged, yet computer generated reality ads would depend more on errands or game like plugs to arrive at a similar objective. Besides, as the web, motion pictures, and computer games proceed

Risk Management Plan Identifying Risks And Consequences - 3575 Words

Risk Management Plan: Identifying Risks And Consequences (Essay Sample) Content: Risk managementNameInstructorInstitutionSummaryRisk management processesOccurrences that are likely to emerge and bring about positive or negative impressions on projects are risks. (Risk Management Plan). Risk management, on the other hand, is examining the probability of the occurrence of risk and then coming up with ways of controlling them. (Government, 2018). Through risk management, the managers of a project are able to anticipate and come up with a notion of dealing with these risks. The aim of the managers is to ensure that any negative impression is dealt with and the positive ones are utilized efficiently. In risk management, the risk is first recognized, examined and the ways of controlling it are evaluated. Legal papers have to be drawn which recognizes risks at the early age and also at the mature stage which is useful to the managers. The legal paper which is drawn by the managers to control the risk occurrence is the risk management plan. The plan invol ves recognizing the risk, finding its probability, risk triggers, which risk being administered to first, and how these risks respond (Risk Management Plan). There are several procedures used in managing risks.Identifying risks and consequencesThis is the very first step the stakeholders should put into consideration. In different projects, the nature of the risk varies and changes throughout the process. Risks identified at the early age give confidence to the project since this decrease the degree of risk. Identifying risk helps an organization foresee major risks that might cause a great impact on the project. Studying each and every risk independently can be tiresome. It is therefore advisable to identify risks which appear to be crucial and give them the first concern (Risk Management Plan, 2002). According to risk management plan, some risks can be discovered immediately when the project starts while others are discovered as the project continues. These risks can either be int ernal or external. Internal risks can be controlled by the organization while external risks are beyond the control of the organization (Goh et al.,2013). In identifying risks, various persons are allocated in different areas to provide information to the manager. The team member should be conscious of the risks that are likely to emerge during the project. This team identifies risks that have the probability of affecting their project and list down their nature. Using the information from the team members, the manager formulates a risk register. Adjustment of the risk register occurs when the causes of the risks change (Risk Management Plan,).Firstly, one must have a legal paper written and drawn by managers to control the risk. Secondly, in order to identify a risk, the managers must understand the flow of the plan from the beginning to the end so as to recognize the risks that may interfere with the project. They also have to understand different types of risks which comprise of those risks that result from poor technology. Poor management of resources is another type of risk. This can result when the managers are unable to utilize the available resources for optimum output. Additionally, both the internal and external environments of the organization should be studied closely. Considering past stored data of the organization may be used as an input in identifying risk. (Project Management, 2002).Reviewing information from past projects, plans and books is one of the tools used to recognize the risk. This literature provides useful information concerning the project. Secondly, data collection is a powerful tool for risk identification. Depending on the size of the organization, a proper method is chosen to collect information. Questionnaires may be used to collect data from colleagues. Since the sources of the information are kept anonymous, there may be little or no bias on the information. Face to face interviews may be used as an alternative to questionn aires. However, this method may not give very accurate results due to bias. Another risk identification technique is the analysis of past organizational data. Some organizations store data files while others utilize cloud storage. Documentation of past projects may be a vital source of information to aid in the process of risk identification. Additionally, the general opinion of members may be the key to identifying the risks. However, these opinions have not been practically proven to be true, rather they are wild guesses. Pictorial representation of data may be used to identify factors that bring about the risk. It is vital to understand the various components that make up the organization and how they are linked to each other. This can be achieved through the above mentioned pictorial representations. Therefore, having known these, it becomes easier to identify risk. (Project Management, 2002)The output from risk identificationAfter conducting the risk identification process, out puts from the study should be can be dealt with independently. Firstly, one of the outcomes would be the risk itself. Conditions that pose uncertainty are termed as risks as we are unable to predict the outcome of an occurrence. In the event of a risk, an organization may either get positive or negative results. Secondly, another output from the risk identification process may be signs of an impending risk activity that may lead to unpredictable results. A risk may have already have occurred without the consent of the manager. Therefore, having identified these outputs, it will be easier to analyze the identified risks. Finally, from the process, we can also determine the activities that lead to the development of risks which may include poor resource management and failure to complete all the modules of a project. This may be due to inadequate data available for analysis. (Project Management, 2002)Analyzing and evaluating riskThis is the second stage that the stakeholders should pu t into consideration. This stage helps the team to know the likelihood of the occurrence of risk and the trigger that it will cause. Lack of appropriate raw facts can result in poor results. (Dziadosz et al., 2015). Analyzing in accordance with the trigger one must incorporate things like the cost. This should be included in the document, even if it does not have a direct impact on the project. Where the output is seen as if it will not be completed as it was foreseen also this should be included in the document (Risk Management). There are basically two ways of analyzing risk; that is, qualitative and quantitative. (Project Management, 2002)Quantitative analysisThe probability of the recognized risks is examined through a predefined process. Some risks have a greater impact on a project while others have less impact. The risks with a greater impact are dealt with first, followed by those with lesser implications. This may determine whether further research should be done on the ri sk. Analysis of available useful information helps the organization to analyze risks. This information may be available locally in the offices' files or the Internet. The likelihood of occurrence and the outcomes of these risks are investigated by using this method. It's a method which needs to be implemented throughout the project. (Project Management, 2002)Inputs to Qualitative risk analysisAfter identifying the underlying risks, there is a need to analyze them. Firstly, the use of a legal paper drawn by managers to control the risk should be implemented. This will particularly aid in maintaining policies that control the prevalence of risks. The risks discovered together with their implications for the project may be another input to the risk analysis process. During the early stages of the project, there are fewer risks meaning as the project continues to develop, other risks might emerge. The managers are able to know the likelihood of a risk occurring for projects that have be en done several times than for the projects that are starting from scratch. The identified risks should be well researched on and understood by all stakeholders of the project as it is being executed. (Project Management, 2002)Tools and TechniquesThe possibility of the occurrence of a risk is not certain. If it occurs, it causes a certain degree of impact which can be termed in levels. (Project Management, 2002). Therefore, the use of probability proves to be very effective. Mapping the risks to their respective degrees of impact could be another means. This will particularly aid in identifying the risks and the respective objective of the project that it impacts on. A project is usually divided into small manageable portions which have their own output, which are later merged to form the final project solution. It is therefore difficult to view the project as a whole when identifying risks. (Project Management, 2002).Outputs from Qualitative risk analysisAfter a successive risk ana lysis, the project behavior could be compared and contrasted with other previous projects behavior in the occurrence of risks. Projects may vary in size, scope and requirements, therefore, having different objectives. Objectives may be altered in the event of a risk. It is therefore prudent to compare the successes or failures of projects with each other and determine the main risks in each of them. With this information, a manager will be able to come up with alternatives to reduce risk. Additionally, Stakeholders are able to level risks, according to the urgency of being attended to. Those that are crucial are ranked high while the rest follows (Dumbarav, 2013). A list of high priority risks are developed. Since a project is timely, dealing with the major risks would be prudent. Finally, after a series of qualitative risk analysis on projects, it is possible to draw a bottom line. (Project Management, 2002)Quantitative Risk Analys...

Parallel Experiences Shape Atonement - Literature Essay Samples

In a very meta fashion, Atonement repeatedly places emphasis and raises questions about the significance and the role of the writer in literature. By eventually revealing that Briony has been the one penning the story all along, readers are left doubting nearly everything they have read before. Briony/McEwan’s comparisons of Robbie and Briony simultaneously paint Briony as a manipulative character influenced by class differences and a character that was truly trying to atone. While there is constantly an underlying importance in the role of the writer, the paramount issue is class differences. This overarching theme is largely seen through the parallel experiences of Robbie and Briony and the symbols that are shared between the two of them. Robbie Turner is a character that is never granted freedom. He is always pent up in many ways: He has to serve a family during his youth, he is strangled by his love for Cecilia, he is imprisoned because of his love for Cecilia, and released on the grounds that he potentially – and later, literally – give his life for his country. This damnation is entirely caused by the grave that Briony digs for him. Eventually, during his time as a soldier, a piece of the war gets lodged inside of him in the form of shrapnel. Later on, during Briony’s section, she removes pieces of shrapnel from many soldiers, who are frequently in worse shape than Robbie was. This is symbolic of Briony trying to redeem herself, especially as she briefly mentions how she was hoping Robbie would be one of the soldiers she would be taking care of. Even though she indirectly put Robbie in the line of fire, by saving the men in front of her, she is indirectly still trying to save Robbie. She is re moving the pieces of shrapnel from every body she wishes was Robbie’s – knowing that these are pieces of war that she essentially lodged in his body, therefore trying to atone for her sins. While this could speak to the theme of the role of the writer, it ultimately speaks to the role of class differences in England, especially between Briony and Robbie. Briony’s eternal inability to see past class differences is something that makes her character unredeemable. In this instance, the fact that she is placing Robbie in the warzone while simultaneously saving men from war’s consequences is symbolic of the ubiquitous control that the upper class has over the lives of the lower class. This is also epitomized through the role of Paul Marshall, who uses Robbie as a pawn to escape his own consequences and guilt. Because Paul and Briony are members of the upper class, it is infinitely easier for them to be able to manipulate the role that people like Robbie will t ake. Robbie never had a say in whether or not he would be sent to prison or war (the absence of a trial made that abundantly clear). Instead, it was Paul and Briony who decided his fate for him. The fact that it is Briony who is saving people like him and Paul who is feeding people like him reinforce the idea that the soldiers and other lowly people’s lives are completely handled by the elite. They have the choices: To feed, to starve; To save, to kill; To blame, to listen to. The value of a life is no longer an abstract, inspiring thing, but a unit that is assigned a dollar sign or a prison sentence. Try as she might to save the likes of Robbie, it was the likes of Briony that put him there in the first place. Whether or not Briony learned anything significant or developed throughout the novel in a substantial way, caring for the Frenchman especially changed her view of the war. His death is significant and seemingly symbolic of Robbie, as well. By this point, Robbie had already died. However, throughout the entirety of the war – and probably as soon as Briony convicted him – Robbie was forever stamped as a man who would not be able to fully be helped. Briony knew this even in the fabricated story she wrote â€Å"for him and Cee.† Coming clean about her lies would not impart justice upon a man married to his victim. Robbie would never receive proper reparations. Similarly, when she approaches the Frenchman, she is unable to help him and even â€Å"could not help feeling offended† because it would be a waste of her services elsewhere (287). While it would be easy for Briony to leave his side, find other patients who could be salvaged, and singlehandedly create a better world, she is ordered to stay by a man who would soon die. Spending time with him did nothing to tangibly create her legacy or perfect idealizations of herself. It was – by all means – a waste of time that could have been better-spent saving soldiers who had a chance, however immoral that is. That she spends his last moments with him; however, mirror the harsh realities of her life and interactions in relation to Robbie. For all intents and purposes, Robbie cannot be helped. Still she agonizes over the thought of him and what she has done. She sits and listens to the Frenchman who might not be deserving of her time when he needed her most. If she had sat and listened to Robbie (who she thought was not deserving of her time) when he needed her most, she might not have damned him. She creates a peaceful ending for the Frenchman’s life, and while she attempts to do that by penning their story, she never could truly reverse time and do that with Robbie. The parallel experiences that Briony and Robbie both experience are meant to further mimic the major motif of class differences. The two characters are so universally different, and yet, we see both of them completing their journeys in similar ways with similar symbols. Reiterating the importance and role of the author, pairing Briony and Robbie as dealing with similar hardships draws a level of understanding between the two of them. While we learn about Cecilia, Robbie and Briony are the only two minds we get to fully enter. In this way, the two become a pair and it creates a space to compare and contrast the two characters and their experiences. When they are both suffering from thirst and blisters, we see Robbie struggling with the idea of how much destruction and harm humans can inflict upon one another. He deals with the harshness and casualness with which war is approached. Briony gets glimpses of this through her experiences as a nurse, as well. Both of them come to the realiz ation that nobody can be unaffected by war. They are also compared by their enduring pain. Robbie constantly, but silently, comments on the pain from his bullet wound. Meanwhile, when the drove of wounded soldiers arrive at Briony’s hospital, she describes the pain of carrying in one of the stretchers. While the two instances are significantly shorter in the time they occupy – both for the characters and the readers – it contrasts the endurance of the two characters. While Briony almost immediately feels that â€Å"her left wrist could not hold up†¦her fingers were loosening†¦[and her] fingers went slack,† (274-275). While she paints herself as a person put in great effort to get the soldier to safety, it is still clear that at the â€Å"moment the war touched her life, at the first moment of pressure, she had failed,† (275). Robbie, on the other hand, does not stand for defeat. Throughout his strife, he knows that â€Å"you walked acros s the land until you came to the sea,† (206). At this point, he is too thirsty to eat and too blistered to walk properly. His â€Å"wound throbbed uncomfortably, each beat precise and tight,† which continues throughout his journey (189). These two parallels between their sufferings ironically expose both of their inner strengths. Briony is clearly much weaker than Robbie. Her journey through saving all of the wounded soldiers causes her nothing but thirst and exhaustion – which she doesn’t particularly notice throughout the event’s duration. Still, at the very beginning, she finds herself almost unable to continue her task after a mere few minutes. Oppositely, Robbie is able to last days traversing lands with a shrapnel wound throbbing at his stomach. He is physically stronger and still finds himself putting the lives of the rest of his compatriots in front of his own. The difference in Briony and Robbie’s worth to the world is astronomical; a well-educated man who is able to save soldiers, put on a brave face and persist through a healthy stretch of the war compared to an immature girl who is hardly able to help the first solider she comes in contact with. The irony in all of this lies in the fact that, still, it is Briony who survives. The worth of Robbie’s life is entirely diminished and devalued because of his social standing, an idea that is reinforced throughout the beginning of the novel surrounding his education and imprisonment. If he was given the opportunity, he could’ve been greatly beneficial to the nation, or even just his family or community. Briony is given the chance to demonstrate her worth repeatedly and the only thing she proves is that she can choose the right keys to press on a typewriter to make a good sentence. Still, the fact that she was born into a better family than Robbie dictates that her life will always be of higher value than his. No matter what he can do, their interactions prove that it was quantity of dollars, not quality of personhood, which counted to be deemed important.

Ethical Issues in Hrm Strategy - 1200 Words

Ethical Issues in HRM Strategy Richard H. Hill Dr. Grace M. Endres July 18, 2012 Strayer University Abstract This paper concerns itself with the role of Human Resource Management and the role it plays in the development of corporate strategy. Additional, the paper addresses the issue of ethics concerning Human Resource Managers sharing information learned from a previous client with the new client. Identify the areas of overlap in the new client organization with others that you have had as clients. If you have limited experience with these types of problems, be sure to research common issues to complete the question. An area of overlap for a Human Resources consulting include the area of employment laws based in Title VII†¦show more content†¦These articles also documented the unethical behavior of an HR consultant who used privileged financial information to enrich himself and his best friend at the clients expense (Former Mercer HR, n.d.). Discuss your approach to customizing HRM strategy to business strategy Prior to any discussions regarding HRM alignment with business strategy, it is necessary to distinguish the role of traditional HR from the role of strategic HRM. The Journal of Management published an excellent article written jointly by Brian E. Becker and Mark A. Huselid. The article was entitled Strategic Resource Management: Where Do We Go From Here? Becker and Huselid made a distinction between Human Resources and Strategic Human Resource Management. According to Becker and Huselid, the distinction between HR and HRM centers on two important facts. First, traditional HR focused on individual performance and in contrast, HRM focused on organizational performance. Second, HRM uses human resources systems to solve business problems conversely, traditional HR kept human resource functions separate from the business functions (Becker amp; Huselid, 2006). Human Resource managers must gain the confidence of the business leaders for whom they work. HRM gains the confidence of the business team by approaching human resource strategy and business goals as inextricably linked. In othersShow MoreRelatedHrm 560843 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues In HRM Strategy Brandi Hancock HRM 530 Strategic Human Resource Management October 30, 2012 Dr. Lila Jordan Ethical Issues in HRM Strategy Identify areas of overlap in the new client organization with other that you have had as clients When hired as a newly HRM (Human Resource Management) consultant, you must first have understand of the role before beganing assisting with any issues or other areas of overlap. The primary role of a HRM consultant â€Å"is to assist the clientRead MoreEthical Issues in Human Resource Management Strategies936 Words   |  4 PagesEthical issues in HRM strategy Introduction The plans for managing an organizations structure, culture, people, training and development are referred to as HRM strategies. These strategies are also used to determine how employees fit in the organizations growth in the future. In business practices, the level of honesty and transparency is referred to as ethics. HRM strategies should guide employees on their workplace behavior. These strategies show the organizations expectations of its employeesRead MoreThe Framework of Human Resource Management920 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The essay will introduce the reader to the framework of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices that can help companies deal with sustainability, globalization and technology challenges. The essay is divided into 4 broad sections which are the four dimensions that form the framework of HRM practices. In each of the sections, there will be examples of HRM practices within each area. Managing the Human Resource Environment Noe et al (2010) mention that managing internal and externalRead MoreHr Functions and Organizational Ethics1261 Words   |  6 PagesHR Functions and Organizational Ethics HRM/427 Dr. Donovan Lawrence September 5, 2010 Human Resources professionals are responsible for several roles in the workplace, including implementing and managing policies, recruiting and retention, and training and development. The HR department is responsible for making sure that organizations conduct business ethically and that shareholders are treated ethically. The HR department must be able to monitor compliance with federal and stateRead MoreHuman Resources, Strategy And Business Ethic1545 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resources, Strategy and Business Ethic Page Break Introduction The 21st century workplace environment is established on numerous reforms and transformations in different aspects that constitute the management of human resources. Therefore, the human resource departments in different departments have adopted different approaches to managing their employees. In this regard, most businesses and organizations across the globe have adopted different concepts of strategic human resource managementRead MoreThe Framework of Human Resource Management912 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The essay will introduce the reader to the framework of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices that can help companies deal with sustainability, globalization and technology challenges. The essay is divided into 4 broad sections which are the four dimensions that form the framework of HRM practices. In each of the sections, there will be examples of HRM practices within each area. Managing the Human Resource Environment Noe et al (2010) mention that managing internal and externalRead MoreBusiness Ethics For Human Resource Management1309 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the potential roles of human resource managers in the ethical conduct of business. By Shehan Perera (100684161) Ethics in HRM suggests the treatment of employees with common decency and justice. Ethical business practices contributes to the long and short term business objectives as the employees will feel motivated thus they will work efficiently and effectively . The conduct of ethics in HRM fundamentally deals with the affirmative moral obligations ofRead MoreEffect Of Human Resource Management1274 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Systems Project Management (MSIS 5033) Dr. Art LaNata â€Æ' Abstract Human resource management, commonly abbreviated as HRM is a function of an organization which is created to positively optimize employee performance of an employer s business strategic goals. HRM aims on systems policies and is mainly associated with the people’s management within the organizations. HRM can be useful for any organization although it pose different challenges for different organizations and varies for organizationsRead MoreRole of Human Resource Management673 Words   |  3 PagesRecruitment and training have been part of HRM for decades, and overall considerably between clients. HRM usually does the advertising, screening, and initial testing; then once hired, basic training and orientation to the company. These issues are tactical, but strategic in that HRM is now tasked with planning and projecting employees, helping to retain talent, and recruiting more aggressively and robustly rather than simply advertising for a job. Strategic HRM takes on an even more common role becomingRead MoreThe Role Of Human Resource Management And The Strategy Process1462 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will review the role of human resource management (HRM) in the strategy process. This will include the function of recruitment and training programs in HRM, the concept of strategic fi t and how human resource management can lead to a competitive advantage. Also I will look at compensation and benefits, relevance to my workplace, and my personal reflection. The manner in which an organization’s personnel are managed has a tangible influence on the productivity of the employees, which

Plato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay - 1842 Words

Many, even perhaps all of the great religious texts we have read in this class have talked and discussed about the individual human ego. Although there is no absolutely solid evidence to prove that the Bhagavad-Gita and the Tao Te Ching have a relation that influenced each other, the core ideas of these two great works from two great ancient culture have surprising similarities. This discovery can be explained by the similarity of Chinese and Indian cultural background. However, in Plato’s works (the Five Dialogues and the Republic), we are able to find pieces about importance of our ego as well. Plato is one of the most important philosophers in western history. That brings us a question, why ego is such significant for both western and eastern philosophers and religious works? Sigmund Freud, who carried on Plato’s thinking on humanity and our society, pointed out what Plato has vaguely discussed about that the significance and impact the ego has on us. In Platoâ€℠¢s Allegory of the Cave, what the prisoners are actually experiencing the fight between id and ego. The process of getting out of the cave and getting used to the sunlight are the process of taming the ego inside the prisoners (Jowett 12). In Freud s theory, the ego mediates among the id, the super-ego and the external world. Its task is to find a balance between primitive drives, morals, and reality while satisfying the id and superego. Its main concern is with the individual s safety and allows some of the idShow MoreRelatedPlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (104) Based on my research of the republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes, ordinary mortals are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within the human body. These mortals can’t lookRead MorePlato s Allegory Of Cave1979 Words   |  8 PagesJaneva Walters December 6, 2016 Dr. T. Brady ENG 391 Plato’s Allegory of Cave The allegory of the cave is regarded as one of the most reputed and acclaimed works by the Greek philosopher Plato in modern literature as well as philosophy. First published and presented in his work known as a Republic (514a–520a), the dialogues that have been used as conversation can be regarded as fictitious as the main conversation takes place between Plato’s brother Glaucon and Socrates. First and foremost, allegoricalRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1814 Words   |  8 PagesIn Plato’s, â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, a key theory I found was the importance of gaining knowledge. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (Fiero, 104). Based on my research of the Republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes in the Allegory, ordinary mortals who are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, r epresents the psyche imprisoned within theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a cave? Caves are dark, cold, and often times dangerous. People who lose their source of light in a cave often face death from physical injury or hypothermia, unless otherwise rescued. The Greek philosopher Plato illustrated the difference between reality and illusion through a story about prisoners who lived their entire existence in a cave. Plato tells the â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† as a conversation between Socrates, his mentor, and Glaucon, one of Socrates’ students. Plato’s allegory of theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagescondition impressed by an image can sometimes like as a flame, spreading throughout other discourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for over 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite t he age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remains an elusiveRead MorePlato s The Allegory Of The Cave1965 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper I shall argue for Socrates’ notion in the Allegory of the Cave, saying that the purpose of education is not to place knowledge to the mind where there was none, but instead to recognise the already underlying existence of such insight inside the mind, and to help divert the ones in need of teaching onto the correct path to find and retrieve such knowledge. Plato in his time was a dedicated student of Socrates, so most of Socrates â€Å"logos† and concepts heavily influenced Plato’s futureRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave910 Words   |  4 Pagesnature within them to reach their potential. Allegory is to reveal a hidden meaning, normally a moral, based on fictional stories. Plato Allegory of the Cave reminds us that the theory of Forms is real and suggests that the one with the empirical science would share his mind with the commoner in society. We must grasp the complex different types of Forms – opinion, knowledge and beauty really meant for Plato. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Plato talks about dualism, mind (soul) and body. InRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesflesh to satisfy the god (Ahmed 2010). All of these civilizations were interactive with their environment, but imagine if one knew only of the reality they believed inside of a cave not experiencing e vents within the real world. In Plato’s, Allegory of the Cave, he describes the scenario of prisoners kept isolated in a cave left to come up with a reality that they comprehended with the images that they saw in front of them. This applies especially to politics, because people are left to decipherRead MoreAnalyzing Plato s Allegory Of The Cave874 Words   |  4 PagesI’ll be analyzing Plato’s Allegory of the Cave through my own interpretation. An allegory is defined as â€Å"a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.† In Plato’s Republic the short excerpt The Allegory of the Cave can be viewed through multiple perspectives. Plato’s image of the cave is known as the â€Å"theory of forms†¦ The theory assumes the existence of a level of reality inhabited by ideal â€Å"forms† of all things and concepts (Revelations:Read MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe other persons and sometimes that can get a little out of hand, depending on who you are dealing with. I guess the major point in all this is to never judge a book by its cover, always learn yourself. In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, there are these prisoners that live in a cave and have never seen any natural sunlight. They can only see shadows of things displayed on the wall by the light coming from the fire. The prisoners get happy and interested by the shadows they see. The shadows could

Improving Police Community Relations Between Police And...

Improving police-community relations allows officers to do their job more effectively, it can also help officers have a better morale and find their jobs safer and easier. If a level of trust is established between police and the community they serve, members of the community will be more willing to offer their help to solve crimes, and give out information about possible suspects. It is extremely important for the police to have an open line communication to the community if they want to increase the community’s level of satisfaction. Improving police-community relations will not only benefit the police department, it will also help community members. If the residents of a respective area trust their police officers they will be able to have less fear and feel safer around their neighborhood. It will also help because if the police and the community work together crimes will be resolved quicker which will lead to criminals being apprehended, crime levels being lower and the community being safer. There are many things that distinguish community policing from traditional policing. For example, in traditional policing the focus and most important goal is to apprehend criminals and bring them to justice. However, community policing focuses on ways the police department and the community could get together to prevent crime and become a team. One of the major differences is that in community policing there is a pact of shared responsibility, in which both community residentsShow MoreRelatedPolice Influence On Society : The United States943 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Influence on Society The United States is one of the most civilized and structured countries in the World. Since the early settlers came to the new country and established settlements there has been a need for law enforcement. As most of the settlers immigrated from English colonies it is no surprise that law enforcement in the new world was modeled from English culture however, no matter if its United States or England government is the foundation of law enforcement. As such, policingRead MoreImproving The Relationship Between The Police And The Public960 Words   |  4 PagesPSC 201 Fall 2015 Improving the Relationship Between the Police and the Public There are many reasons why the police have a difficult time interacting with the communities they are supposed to protect and serve. These issues did not occur overnight however the string of police involved shootings throughout the United States seems to wedge a bigger gap between the pubic and the police, along with poor communication skills and lack of positive engagement with the community. Police officers deal withRead MoreCultural Competence Of Law Enforcement Agencies865 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion Although the questionnaire and interview processes are useful in gaining a better understanding of the cultural competence of law enforcement agencies, they are not helpful in improving the cultural competency of those agencies. This is where instituting mandatory cultural competency training comes into play. For example, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission proposed steps and recommendations to increase cultural competency and one of those steps was to â€Å"develop and deploy effectiveRead More Profiling and Police/Community Relations Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesprofiling and police-community relations are comprised of a two-fold focus. The first focal point concentrates on attitudes members of a community have about profiling in accordance to actions conducted by police officers upon them in the course of their duties. The second focal point concentrates on the profiling of police officers, as completed by early intervention systems, in an effort to reduce complaints from members of the community. The literature on the attitudes which community membersRead MoreThe Future of Policing1461 Words   |  6 Pagescurrently affecting policing is police-community relations. There is a strong emphasis now on community policing, which promotes trust and better relationships between police officers and community members, and less on the militaristic style (Stephens, 2005). Improving police-community relations not only accents the importance of diversity, but it reduces prejudice and discrimination by officers. Community policing helps build trust between the police and community members by relying on citizens toRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesreduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as a whole. The Criminal Justice System is focusingRead MoreLeadership And The Ability Of Influence Change1494 Words   |  6 Pageslieutenant with the University Police at Buffalo State. He received his bachelor’s degree of science in Criminal Justice. During his undergrad years, he was placed on the Dean’s List numerous times. He started as a University Police Officer and was later promoted to lieutenant. Last year, he was nominated for the Professional Service Award, following a hit-and-run incident involving a driver who struck a student at Grant and Letchworth streets. He assisted the Buffalo police in arresting the driver, andRead MoreCultural Diversity Within The United States1194 Words   |  5 Pagescluster of tension and conflict between police and minority communities within the United States. The job of a police office r is to enforce the law and protect all citizens regardless of their race, gender, or sexual preferences; however, more and more police departments across the United States are being accused of targeting and harassing those who are different. State and local police departments have been left to their own devices on how to police minority communities and improve cultural differencesRead MorePolicing Paper735 Words   |  3 Pages(CAPS). The Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy came about in April 1993 and was first implemented in five of the 25 police districts in Chicago. Rogers Park, Morgan Park, Austin, Marquette, and Englewood were the first locations of the CAPS Program. The reasons these locations were picked was determined by their crime problems, economics, demographics, and their levels of community organization. In 1994 the other 20 districts of Chicago were participants of the CAPS Program. OutreachingRead MoreLack Of Discipline Against The Los Angeles Police Department1624 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed in this paper is that there is a lack of discipline against the Los Angeles police officers who engage in misconduct and the use of force. Top officials are not being held accountable for the lack of oversight in order to protect the interest of the department. The second pattern that is discussed is that police claims makers give the public a false sense of accountability. Instead of accepting accountability, police claim makers give the media unclear answers on what officials are attempting to

Organizational Behavior Communication Paper - 1190 Words

Southwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Erica Sepulveda Communications for Accountants/Com 530 January 30, 2012 Southwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Airlines, such as Southwest Airlines, strive to provide the best customer service that they can offer to keep their customers happy. A prospective Southwest passenger may probably make their reservation by calling the customer service number, logging on to the company’s website, or booking at an airport with a Southwest Airlines agent. The employees that assist these prospective and actual passengers are considered the backbone of the company and do their best to represent Southwest in the finest†¦show more content†¦pg 168). Additionally, they mention that what we perceive may not be what the situation actually turns out to be. Reading information or listening to others rant about how wonderful the culture is within a company doesn’t necessarily mean its all good. While employees may be happier than miserable working for Southwest, I highly doubt that there aren’t challenges that are faced at times in their positions. Research has shown that Southwest Airlines espoused values mirrors their enacted values. However, suppose it didn’t. What happens if the perceptions of their culture, communication and work environment is said to be â€Å"peachy†, however it really isn’t? Suppose employees were really unhappy and the mission statement of Southwest really wasn’t followed in the way they operate their organization. This leads to bad perceptions, along with potential employees amp; customers assuming that this organization is voicing something that it’s not. This is an example of how misalignment between espoused values and enacted values would affect perceptions within Southwest Airlines organization. Conflict within Southwest Airlines Conflict is another important topic that should be considered in organizations like Southwest Airlines. â€Å"Conflict results from differences between group members differences in personality, perception, information, culture, and power or influence†Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper979 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper Evelyn Smith COM 530 October 8, 2010 Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper This paper discusses the culture of the American Red Cross, noting whether the organization’s values align with espoused or enacted values. Also covered will be to what extent is communication in the American Red Cross determined by its organizations culture. Communication plays a fundamental role in perception and organizationalRead MoreOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper Communications 530747 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Behavior and Communication Paper Nordstrom Inc., started as a small shoe store in Seattle, Washington in 1901. Since that time it has become one of the leading and successful shoe and apparel retailers in operation today. After reviewing different information regarding Nordstrom Inc. espoused values and enacted values, it is apparent that they are in alignment. Espoused values are the core values of the company. The history and organizational beliefs, developed into policy for theRead MoreThe Attributes Of Managing Organizational Behavior1173 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will inform readers about the attributes of managing organizational behavior. This paper articulate an effective leadership approach from a biblical perspective. This paper describe core attributes and their roles for managing behavior. This paper presents linkage and support form scripture in the Bible. I have integrate biblical principles about leaders and leadership behavior. Lastly, this paper presents the distinctions from popular models i n purpose and perceptive. My paper will discussRead MoreWhat Strengths Of Organizational Leadership Presented By Sales And Marketing1635 Words   |  7 Pagesfor sexual harassment; and HR Manager (SS) Sheila Simmons lacks communications skills, and high job stress. Identifying the strengths of organizational leadership presented by Sales and Marketing (PI) Kenneth Bright along with OD consultant can lead and manage the organizational change. The OD consultant plans to introduce and communicate the change initiative to the employees begin with an interview questions by gender, organizational levels and age. Using Lewin’s method (B), functions (f), personality(P)Read MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper850 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper The following essay will be described the organizational behavior terminology and concepts applied in the organization. The following topics will be presented: Organization culture as internal and external environment of control. Diversity as of individual differences based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, disabilities, and sexual orientation. As the last subject communication as the human skill that helps the organization to work well withRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines organizational behavior. Organizational behavior can help organizations expand, communicate, learn, and develop for better performance in the competitive, vibrant, and ever changing economy we all live in. It is important for organizations to learn the different behaviors, cultures, diversity, communications, effectiveness, and the learning styles that make up the organization and its environment. This paper will define and explain the terminology and concepts of organizati on behavior throughRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Effective Organization857 Words   |  4 Pagesmission and goals, which must all work aligned to accomplish excellence. An effective organization must have balance and strength in different areas. In the following research paper, we will discuss those areas in detail. These areas include the organization structure of an effective organization, the best the communication strategies to send the different messages across the company, the effective process for decision-making and problem-solving. Additionally, we will explore the process for effectiveRead MoreOrganizational Commitment and Communications Paper1151 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Commitment and Communications Paper Jennifer Watson COM/530 Communications for Accountants Allen Sutton July 4, 2011 Organizational Commitment and Communications Paper The selected organization is Walt Disney Company. In this paper the subject to discuss is how different leadership styles affect group communication, analyze different sources of power and the affects on group and organizational communication, identify the motivational theories effective within the culture ofRead MoreIntegrative Paper1526 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior Integrative Paper Abstract This paper is an analysis that gives the concepts presented by John P. Kotter’s, â€Å"The Heat of Change†, book and the concepts presented by Ivancevich, Konopaske, and Matteson’s, Organizational Behavior and Management text book. Kotter wrote and gave comparative situations on dealing with human behavioral and how to better manage them when presented in an organizational situation. He gave real lifeRead MoreOrganizational Trends: Increasing Productivity With Communication1383 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL TRENDS: INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY WITH COMMUNICATION Organizational Trends: Increasing Productivity with Communication Organizational Trends: Increasing Productivity with Communication Organizational studies continues to gain respect and compel attention within many professional communities, include the business community. A trend in organizational behavior that will impact businesses for the next decade is how communication relates to productivity. The 21st century

Quantitative Risk Analysis In Information Security Management

Question: Describe about the Quantitative Risk Analysis in Information Security Management? Answer: Introduction This is a report on the application of modern information security tools and techniques contrasting in practical scenarios. In order to demonstrate these applications, this report draws a comparison of a failed conspiracy of the late 16th century known as the Babington Plot, famous for the way the English intelligence network managed to use espionage and cryptanalysis to safeguard the throne, and postulates how such a conspiracy would have benefited from modern information security technology. The Babington Plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I and replace her with Queen Mary Stuart alongside a Spanish invasion into England. It was thwarted by Sir Francis Walsinghams efforts over 20 years to establish a valiant spy network and infiltrate the ranks of any potential threats. On account of his spies, Walsingham was able to collect damning evidence against all conspirators, especially Mary Stuart, who was the primary target of his espionage and ended up being executed for her involvement in the plot. The key evidence that made the case was acquired by a security leak in the communications between Mary Stuart and her supporters, both within and outside England, created by Walsingham that allowed him to intercept all such communications. After a detailed breakdown of the shortcomings of the communication channels established by the conspirators, this report presents a postulated scenario of such a plot occurring in the 21st century and how modern technology could play a role in plugging the gaps in the original 16th century plot. Information Security Techniques Used Before discussing the exact techniques employed during the course of the plot in order to establish secure communication, we must first look at the major persons of interest who were directly involved in the line of communication. The following is a brief of these people: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots: She was a legitimate heir to the throne of England and had been chased out of Scotland by Scottish rebels. She was imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth I for 19 years at various locations and under the charge of various jailers. Sir Francis Walsingham: Then spymaster in the employ of Queen Elizabeth I, he was able to discover the ongoing plot and planted a double agent, Gilbert Gifford, in the line of communication between Mary and her co-conspirators in order to collect evidence against the conspirators thus eliminating Mary from the line of succession. John Ballard: He was a Jesuit priest as well as an agent of the Roman Church who was able to group together a number of other conspirators in a plot not just spanning the assassination of Queen Elizabeth but also encompassing a Spanish invasion of England, deposing Queen Elizabeth (a Protestant) and replacing her with Queen Mary (a Catholic). Anthony Babington: A Catholic recruit of John Ballard, he served the role of a courier for messages between the imprisoned Mary and other conspirators for a duration of time. He was also instrumental in Marys communications with her foreign supporters. Thomas Phelippes: He was a cryptanalyst in the employ of Walsingham and was directly inserted in the line of communication for decoding all letters sent to and received from Mary and making copies of the letters. Gilbert Gifford: A double agent who was originally involved in a previous plot against Queen Elizabeth but was captured by Walsingham and eventually agreed to act as a double agent in order to avoid punishment. Throughout the course of Marys imprisonment, a number of channels and techniques were employed for communication. However, the crux of the Babington Plot was the communication between the conspirators after a July 1584 decree by Queen Elizabeth that prevented all communications to and from Mary, thus also eliminating the possibility of incriminating her in a plot. A new line of communication had to be established, and this was tailor-made by Walsingham to suit his needs. The communications to Mary were received by the French ambassador to England as diplomatic packages. These were passed on by him to Gifford who would then hand them over to Walsingham. Walsingham would allow his cryptanalyst Phelippe to decode and copy the letters, then reseal the letters and return them to Gifford. As per previous arrangement, Gifford would hand this letter to a local brewer who would hide the letters in a water-tight casing inside the stopper of a barrel, thus smuggling them to Mary. The reverse pr ocedure was followed for letters originating from Mary. It is notable that the cipher used in these communications, a nomenclature cipher, was provided by Walsingham himself. The nomenclature cipher was a very popular type of cipher used in the 16th century for secure communication and is regarded as a type of substitution cipher which employs homophonic substitutions. The following is an analysis of this episode from the standpoint of achieving the three goals of secure communication confidentiality, integrity and availability. Confidentiality. The primary device employed by Mary and her conspirators to ensure confidentiality was to encode letters using a cipher which was supposedly known only to the two parties involved in the communication. There were multiple vulnerabilities in their designs. Firstly, the secrecy of the cipher had been compromised. Thus, all their communications were easily decoded and recorded. Secondly, a single cipher was used for all communications which ensured that once the cipher is known to an interceptor, all further messages are insecure. Thirdly, verification of the secrecy of the cipher was difficult to achieve. Even if a single cipher is to be used throughout all communications, if there were a mechanism in place to check if the cipher has been leaked to outside parties, then appropriate counter-measures could have been taken. Integrity. There were no mechanism in place to ensure integrity of messages. Therefore, it was extremely easy for anyone in the communication chain or for someone intercepting messages in the middle of the chain to modify the contents of the messages being conveyed. This was exploited by Walsingham in the instance of a reply from Mary to an authorization request for the assassination plan, approving of the plans of her supporters but not expressing authorization. The original letter was kept by him as evidence and a duplicate letter was forged, in which instructions to reveal the identities of all co-conspirators and their roles was added by him along with authorization to proceed with the plan, and sent to the French ambassador as a letter from Mary herself. Availability. There were minimal considerations given to ensuring availability of the messages, especially from the viewpoint of modern information security. The meandering routes taken for all communication and the long distances to be travelled made it so that, in the absence of any high-speed data transmission technology, the only concern of the conspirators was to ensure secure delivery of messages. Walsingham was keen to ensure steady communication between Mary and her supporters as this was the most important pre-requisite for gathering evidence against Mary. Modern Techniques Now that we have discussed the original intricacies of the plot and the various mechanisms employed for secure communication during the conception of the Babington Plot in the late 16th century, we can proceed to adapt the scenario to the 21st-century. Should a similar scenario arise in the present era, the following adaptations of the original plot are quite probable. Firstly, the communication link would definitely be digital. As the people involved in the conspiracy are distributed far apart from each other geographically, it is only logical that digital communication media, most likely the internet and e-mail, would be employed. Secondly, due to the addition of high-speed computing in to the mix, both the cryptography and cryptanalysis techniques would be significantly upgraded. Instead of a simple substitution cipher, which can be easily cracked using computers, a more sophisticated encryption algorithm would be used. Thirdly, the role of Gilbert Gifford would experience a notable change. Modern day message carriers, the role previously played by Gilbert Gifford, are computers and not people. Thus, it is highly likely for Mary to communicate directly with Babington and other conspirators without needing Gifford to relay her messages. It is thus more likely for Gifford to only receive copies of their exchanges for the purpose of managing logistics or such, if at all. The other people and props involved purely in communication of messages, such as the brewer and his beer barrels, can be imagined to have been replaced by e-mail Servers and electronic devices hard-wired with communication protocols. Fourthly, new security concerns arising out of usage of modern technology will need to be addressed. Most of these are modern day complications, derivations or branches of existing security issues which have been born due to the advances in technology, for example new forms of social engineering attacks. Therefore, to imagine the enactment of the Babington Plot in the modern era such that Mary Stuart and her fellow conspirators would strive to establish a secure line of communication via modern e-mail technology, it can be postulated that these techniques would be employed: Mail Transfer Agent (MTA). This is a modern day take to the brewer and his beer barrel from the original plot in the 1580s. Messages are transferred between the conspirators using a well-known MTA as this ensures that the MTA will ensure many aspects of secure transmission, including a measure of confidentiality, integrity and most importantly availability. In the modern day, digital transmission of data should be almost instantaneous and availability of message transmission services as well as transmitted data is a huge concern. Therefore, relying on a well-established and publically respected MTA is recommended. Authenticated Encryption. Authenticated Encryption (AE) is a data encryption technique which employs a block cipher to simultaneously provide confidentiality, integrity and authenticity. Some of this is redundant but recommended nevertheless with the usage of an MTA. An example of an AE would be combining a Message Authentication Code (MAC) with another data encryption function. A MAC uses the concept of a secret key shared between two end-users to ensure authentication and data integrity by using this key to generate meta-data (hash) specific to the key and the original data. Thus, any changes to the data or any differences in the key used for generating the hash will cause a mismatch with the original hash. In addition to this, the original message is encrypted using a data encryption algorithm (e.g. AES) and the MAC may be generated before or after encryption. Key Distribution. This is one of the greatest concerns of modern day information security. In the case of asymmetric encryption algorithms, public key servers have been able to resolve this issue in large parts. Symmetric key encryption algorithms are trickier in their needs for secure distribution of keys and this is often achieved by first establishing a secure communication line with the help of asymmetric keys. As was mentioned in the shortcomings of the original communication line in the Babington Plot, using a single cipher (or in this case key) for extended periods of communication causes vulnerabilities to arise and thus it is recommended for the key to be changed on a periodic basis. Conclusion and Recommendation The study and analysis of the circumstances and facts surrounding the Babington Plot have revealed that concerns regarding secure communication have been carried down from several centuries ago to the modern day. Emergence of new technology has changed the way these concerns apply to real life, and has introduced new forms and factors that affect these applications, but the basic concepts of confidentiality, integrity and availability are largely unaffected. The Babington Plot was thwarted by the presence of a large number of security leaks. These leaks were a product of the extensive spy network established by Sir Francis Walsingham and demonstrated that while the conspirators were committed to their cause, they were unable to outsmart their enemies. Thus, it can be said that the conspirators lost the information war, a term which is generally associated with the Information Era or the 21st century, but definitely holds true even for a case from the 16th century. It is thus highly recommended for any endeavor that requires secure communications to check and re-check all their communication links for conformity to the basic standards of information security. The techniques highlighted in this report are some suggestions that could benefit secure communications but should not be regarded as the entire gamut of security measures available in the modern day. The information war, between spies and counter-spies, guardians and hackers, thieves and security forces, is constantly on-going and ever-changing in form. Thus, caution and awareness are the only reliable tools to step towards victory. Reference Pachghare, V. K. (2015).Cryptography and information security. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Oppliger, R. (2015). Quantitative Risk Analysis in Information Security Management: A Modern Fairy Tale.IEEE Security Privacy, (6), 18-21. Rebollo, O., Mellado, D., Fernndez-Medina, E., Mouratidis, H. (2015). Empirical evaluation of a cloud computing information security governance framework.Information and Software Technology,58, 44-57. Jajodia, S. (2015). Advances in Information Security. Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Chen, H. H., Zhang, H. (2015). Enhancing wireless information and power transfer by exploiting multi-antenna techniques.Communications Magazine, IEEE,53(4), 133-141. Ab Rahman, N. H., Choo, K. K. R. (2015). A survey of information security incident handling in the cloud.Computers Security,49, 45-69. Kenkre, P. S., Pai, A., Colaco, L. (2015). Real time intrusion detection and prevention system. InProceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (FICTA) 2014(pp. 405-411). Springer International Publishing. Haya, G. M. (2015, June). Complexity Reduction in Information Security Risk Assessment. InProceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMIS Conference on Computers and People Research(pp. 5-6). ACM.

Meriwether Lewis Speech free essay sample

We exist in a world where there are many heroes and heroines, were people showcase their courage, bravery, skill, and curiosity, where many aren’t afraid to take a leap outside of their boundaries. These are the people that we remember, they leave legacies, and they make an impression in our world. I happen to be one of those people who took a chance; for that is why I’ve become one of the most remembered people in all of American history. Hello, my name is Meriwether Lewis. Most people probably already know that I was a co-leader in the Corps of Discovery, but many do not know my entire life story. For that reason I’ll start where it all began. I was born on a warm summer day in August of 1774 in the small county of Albemarle. I was born and grew up in the community of Ivy, Virginia along with my sisters Jane and Lucinda and my step-siblings Rueben, John Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on Meriwether Lewis Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , and Mary Garland. I am the son of Lt. William Lewis and Lucy Meriwether. I never had the privilege to spend much time with my father as a child. My father died of pneumonia in 1779. A year later my mother married Captain John Marks, and we all moved to Georgia in May of 1780. While I lived in Goosepond, Georgia, I enhanced my skills as a hunter and naturalist. I had a large dose of curiosity as a child and still do today. I still remember that chilled January night when I ventured out of the house to hunt. A mile into my walk, a blizzard struck with tremendous force. When the storm finally halted, I realized how completely lost I was. My parents found me that morning. I had never seen them so furious in all my life. Even though I stopped hunting at night, I was still quite fascinated with natural history; little did I know that this minute interest would develop into a lifelong passion. When I turned thirteen, I was sent back to Virginia for an education by numerous private tutors. My Uncle Nicholas became my new guardian. Many years later, in 1793, I graduated from the college of Liberty Hall. In 1795, I joined the U. S. Army, commissioned as a Lieutenant, where I served until 1801. Among my commanding officers was William Clark, who later would become my co-leader in the Corps of Discovery. That same year, I was appointed as an aide by President Thomas Jefferson, who my father knew well. When Jefferson began to plan for an expedition through the recently purchased Louisiana Territory, he chose me to lead the expedition. After the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson wanted to get an accurate sense of the new land and its resources. Our exploration was the first transcontinental expedition to the Pacific Coast by the United States. During our two-year exploration, we encountered many hardships and rewards. I also developed a great relationship with William Clark and Sacagawea. I can remember that day when she helped us cross the Rocky Mountains. At one point we had an encounter with a group of Indians. Of course, Sacagawea translated for us. It turned out that the chief of that tribe was her own brother, who she had not seen in over eight years. He was so pleased to see her that he let us use their horses in order to help us cross the Rocky Mountains. We would not have completed our expedition if I weren’t for those few horses. We returned in 1806, bringing with us an immense amount of knowledge about the region, as well as numerous plant and animal specimens. I wrote everything down in multiple journals like this one. Feel free to have a look. Because of our success, we brought home with us an awareness of a rich and beautiful part of the continent. This awareness is what helped the U. S. develop and prosper for years to come. Years after our expedition, I continued to research the U. S. lands. I planned on publishing my journals too. On October 10th, 1809 I stopped at an inn called Grinder’s Stand, about 70 miles southwest of Nashville, Tennessee. In the predawn hours of October 11th, the innkeeper heard gunshots and found me badly wounded, with gunshots to my head and abdomen. I died shortly after sunrise. Many people consider that my death was a suicide. Others are convinced that it was murder. Centuries later, my death still remains a mystery. Even though I may have had an unresolved ending, I am still remembered for all of my contributions to the U. S. I gave the U. S. a great awareness of our unknown land. When I died I left a legacy of curiosity, knowledge, determination, and bravery that is still an inspiration today. May my legacy live on through you and teach you that with determination and a little curiosity, anything is possible.

The Things They Carried Essays - The Things They Carried, Emotion

The Things They Carried They carried all they could bear, and then some, including a silent awe for the terrible power of the things they carried. The men in this story were subjected to things that changed their lives drastically. And the things they carried were some of the heaviest things they will have ever carried in their lives. Ammunition and supplies weighted these men down although it was their emotions and feelings that felt the heaviest. The Things They Carried, by Tim OBrien, is a story that reveals the true nature of war. The ammunition and supplies that these men carried were true tests of muscular strength. M-16 assault rifles, M-60 machine guns, M-79 grenade launchers, along with pocket knives, mosquito repellant, chewing gum, cigarettes and matches filled their packs. They carried these packs with them everywhere that they went; up hills, down hills, through trenches, across fields, and through swamps. These soldiers went through massive amounts of emotional struggle. One man who regularly received letters from a girl and he uses her as a vent for his emotions. More than anything, he wanted Martha to love him as he loved her, but the letters were mostly chatty, elusive on matter of love. He would sometimes taste the envelopes flaps, knowing her tongue had been there. Their emotions were heavy, very heavy. The men were always thinking about something, sometimes there was not much else to do. They thought about the war, girls, home, family and being lonely. This war carried the soldiers greatest fear, which was the fear of blushing. Men killed, and died, because they were embarrassed not to. The soldiers had to learn how to carry their packs as well as their heavy minds. Everything was a struggle for them, both physically and mentally. They carried all they could bear, and then some, including a silent awe for the terrible power of the things they carried. In conclusion, The Things They Carried was a powerful story of war. The men that were involved in this war, as well as many other wars, were subjected to many horrible situations. So this story truly reveals the nature of war. American History

Sample Essay - Are Cats the Best Pets?

Sample Essay - Are Cats the Best Pets?In this sample essay, you will be asked to make a decision regarding the best pet for your children. You will need to make this decision based on their ages, personality, and interest in animals.You may get numerous benefits from getting a cat. Cats love to lie around and cuddle with you. As your kids grow older, your children will be more likely to ask to be your little kid again. Your kids may even find out how much you enjoy having a cat instead of a dog.After you make up your mind about cats, decide if they are good or bad for your children. Although cats are very affectionate towards children, there are a lot of advantages to getting a cat. Cats are easier to take care of. If you get a kitten, it will take less time to train it and bring it back to good behavior. The positive side is that the cat may also be more affectionate towards your children.With this reason, it is a good idea to get a cat that is well-trained and obedient. You should also consider the price of a cat because getting a kitten will be a lot cheaper than getting a big cat. Another advantage of having a kitten is that it is usually easy to train your children to behave with your cat. You may be able to teach them to keep their distance from other children.If you have a small family, a cat will be very practical. Cats are known to be quite social animals. They can easily communicate with you as long as you use a special collar. The collar will alert you whenever your child is trying to communicate with the cat.It is a good choice to go for a friendly cat that is trained and well-behaved. Before you get your cat, you should consider the environment where the cat will be living. As the cat gets used to the surroundings, it will become more sociable. This is especially true if you are going to give the cat a home in your home.When you decide to get a cat, consider its cost because it is a good idea to get one that is friendly and nice to look at. Also co nsider the convenience. You do not have to feed the cat. You will not have to clean it. You will be able to see your cute kitty from afar.Cats are the best pets for people who are looking for a good deal. In addition, you will be able to enjoy your special time with your cat. However, before you choose a cat, you need to think about the environment where the cat will be living and the price you are willing to pay.

The Study of International Copyright Law

The Study of International Copyright Law Formative Evaluation One of the greatest problems which foreigners in general and foreign students in particular encounter as they get accustomed to the new place and its traditions and social interaction is the law and its multiple issues, namely the copyright law.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Study of International Copyright Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Devoting these sessions to teaching foreign students the peculiarities of the copyright law in the U. S. and comparing it to the systems of copyright law existing in the other countries, one can help people to avoid a number of upsetting conflicts and misunderstandings. Workhouse Sessions In the process of the session I tried to help students think on their own, creating the right environment for analytical and critical thinking. Giving them hints so that they could get the overall idea of the topic, I could further on count on their feedback and thei r eager participation. It was of crucial importance to drive students to the idea that copyright laws in different countries may vary. As the students realized this fact, it was necessary to drive certain parallels with the copyright laws in different countries before proceeding to the idea of the international copyright law. One of the most important parts of the lessons was the revision if the material learned in the previous sessions, for this helped students to track the differences in the copyright law systems of different states. Discussions Another crucial part of the sessions was the discussions of the learned material and further development of the topic. Working in small groups, the students could remember the material better and develop their own critical thinking and deductive abilities. Summative Evaluation One of the peculiarities of the given sessions would be the fact that the students will be able to assess the lessons themselves. Such approach will help to obtain m ost objective results and will lead to eliminating any possible misunderstandings concerning both the material and the learning sessions.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aims Achieved With help of a small survey which students will be handed it will be possible to realize if they find the lessons useful themselves. Thus, answering such questions as what the relevance of the content to the given student’s personal work was, one will be able to assess the knowledge obtained during the course. In addition, the information gathered will provide a truthful and objective portrait of a teacher. Feedback Another important part of the lesson sessions is the discussion of the material learned during the lesson. In conversations and discussions of all aspects of the information obtained the students will be able to develop their skills to communicate; in addition, they will be a ble to learn the complicacies of the international copyright law faster. It is worth mentioning that such system of learning will also develop the students’ ability to convey their personal opinion concerning important issues and take the opposing opinion with due respect. Students’ Evaluation One of the parts which the students will like is the personal critical evaluation of the teacher and the courses in general. As the students provide their impressions concerning the way the teacher explained the material to them, it will be possible to consider the teacher’s approach from various points of view. Thus, the students will contribute to the shaping of the teacher’s personal experience as well. Students’ Ideas and Suggestions It must be also kept in mind that the course was designed to help students orientate themselves better in the existing copyright system; therefore, each student’s personal impression of the lesson will be considered an important piece of information. Thus, with help of the second part of the survey, it will be possible to find out whether the experience was valuable for the students or not. Self-Assessment With help of the above-mentioned lesson sessions, the students will be able to obtain deeper knowledge on the subject. To evaluate the effect that the courses will have on the students, it will be necessary to construct the evaluation plan. It seems that the most reasonable structure will look in the following way: the useful experience which I obtained during the classes; my personal impressions of the students and the classes; students’ ideas of my teaching Since the lessons will provide me with the precious genuine experience which I will use for my further personal development, the lesson sessions and the survey will provide me with the information which is most important for my professional competency.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Study of Internat ional Copyright Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With help of the critique and the suggestions which the students will provide me with, it would be possible to continue the professional development, taking into consideration the issues which the students will point me to. In addition, it is extremely important that the survey includes both the critical evaluation of the teacher and the suggestions which the students can give to improve the course of the lessons and the approach of the teacher. With help of this significant issue it will be possible to continue self-development. It also seems to me that the students’ behavior and attitude towards the learning material is going to predetermine my ideas of the workshop and its value for me and for them. As long as the students will find the sessions interesting and useful in terms of their knowledge of foreign and international law, it will be clear that the lessons have proved usefu l and interesting for them. This is the students’ experience which is going to be of crucial importance for me.

Climate change(global warming) Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Climate change(global warming) - Article Example The greenhouse gases both absorb and forward the sun’s radiations. Other greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and water (Archer, 2011). The major contributor to global warming is the burning of fossil fuel. One major contributor to global warming is the motor vehicles’ carbon monoxide emissions (Weart, 2008). Factories produce carbon monoxide gases. The factories and motor vehicles use fossil fuel to produce electricity. Moreover, the thinning of the world’s ozone layer increased global warming. The ozone layer reduces the ill effects of the sun’s incoming radiating rays. Certain products produce CFC by-products. The CFCs reduce the earth’s ozone layer. With the thinning of the ozone layer, there is an increase in the quantity of the unfavorable incoming harmful sun’s rays (Archer, 2011). Global warming has significantly unfavorable effects on California’s agricultural environment. California’s greenhouse gases reduce the earth’s emission of infrared rays, triggering global warming. California’s greenhouse gases reduce the sun’s dangerous rays from being reflected by the earth’s surface back into outer space, increasing California’s temperature. The fossil fuel emitted by California’s motor vehicles contributes to California’s global warming statistics (Archer, 2011). Consequently, California’s global warming, melting its snow sources, triggers lower water availability. Specifically, Southern California experienced a 26 percent water source reduction. Sacramento suffered a 24 percent water source reduction. San Joaquin continues to bear the 23 percent water decline. With less water, California suffers from possible food production decline. Consequently, farms must spend more to acquire the required plant water. The increasing water cost precipitates to higher California food prices. With higher food prices, less people can afford to have a full meal. Lesser demand reduces farm profits

Doesn't matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doesn't matter - Essay Example The two party system limits more party entrances and thus limits flexibility on the part of the decision making process. However, based on public policy, the system promotes transparency with regard to use of public resources where both parties are accountable. In consideration of the various stakeholders in the policy process, the system though limited in representation is able to diffuse resources effectively without external interference. Democracy is essential since the voters have been empowered to choose whoever they want and thus the governance represents what the voters chose. To some extent, the growth and influence of the independent voter is constructive because it represents the type of governor they want. If good, then the voter has played a good role in being informed and choosing a good leader which is constructive to govern. However, the growth of the independent voter might have been out of coercion or incentive which may influence the decision making and eventually poor leadership. This translates to bad policy process where resources may be utilized by the few elite. Growth and influence of private corporations are a challenge to governance in that it has raised interest groups as a form of government. As a result it has led to corruption, mismanagement and collusion of regulation and enforcement. Apart from that the interest groups may have led to proper representations and thus good policy for the public interests. The influence of lobbyists is constructive to govern and may still pose a threat. Lobby groups such as AARP and NRAhave been known to raise chaos and eliminate people from office or being voted in. They are also responsible for equitable distribution of resources to the marginalized regions thus promoting good governance and better policy for the public good. They have promoted problem identification, intervention strategies, implementation and evaluation with regard to

Analysis of Advert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis of Advert - Essay Example 3). Marketing strategy is a plan to which the firms should adhere to so to have an upper hand over its competitors and plans to achieve the desired objectives. In formulation of the marketing strategy and to sell the product effectively, analysis of cost benefit should be undertaken. Nike: Ad Appeal Nike is the leading innovator in footwear for the athletic including apparels, accessories and equipment. Mission of Nike is to bring inspiration along with innovation to each and every athlete across the globe. Nike’s consumer affairs mission aims to provide the customers with the highest standard of service building loyal consumer relationship across the globe (Nike, 2011). The above prints advertisement describes the advertising strategy along with the aim and motive of the company. Nike mission is to provide innovative and comfortable footwear, apparel and other accessories to the athletic around the world and this is depicted truly through the above given prints advertisements . ... Nike with its â€Å"Just Do It† campaign was able to increase the domestic share and worldwide sales. The campaign had captured the corporate philosophy of determination, grit and of course passion. Nike is known for determination, detachment and unsentimental attitude. However with its campaign of â€Å"Just Do It† it was able to reassure the consumers that Nike was a quality brand. Celebrity endorsement has also appealed to consumers and it became a self fulfilling image (CFAR, 1998). Marketing Concept The marketing concept will take into consideration the following which help to determine the marketing strategy of Nike and further implementation on the same. Segmentation Segmentation is necessary for business to perform as it helps the firm to differ its product from its competitors which gives rise to healthy competition. All consumers are not alike and thus different consumers have different types of needs and thus by segmentation the market place and by choosing t he target market, companies will be able t provide all the benefits to its desired market segment. Once the target market has been identified along with the segment the company will be able to decide on the mode of advertising. The prints ads of Nike clearly have indicated the segment that Nike caters to. In all the prints ads of Nike along with the two print ads shown in this section determine the segment of Nike. Nike has segmented its product for the young and for the middle aged people within the age group of 20 to 50 years. Based on economic segmentation Nike has segmented its product accordingly to the lifestyles of high, medium and also for the low end customers. Geographically Nike has segmented the market into various segments