Monday, July 6, 2020

Risk Management Plan Identifying Risks And Consequences - 3575 Words

Risk Management Plan: Identifying Risks And Consequences (Essay Sample) Content: Risk managementNameInstructorInstitutionSummaryRisk management processesOccurrences that are likely to emerge and bring about positive or negative impressions on projects are risks. (Risk Management Plan). Risk management, on the other hand, is examining the probability of the occurrence of risk and then coming up with ways of controlling them. (Government, 2018). Through risk management, the managers of a project are able to anticipate and come up with a notion of dealing with these risks. The aim of the managers is to ensure that any negative impression is dealt with and the positive ones are utilized efficiently. In risk management, the risk is first recognized, examined and the ways of controlling it are evaluated. Legal papers have to be drawn which recognizes risks at the early age and also at the mature stage which is useful to the managers. The legal paper which is drawn by the managers to control the risk occurrence is the risk management plan. The plan invol ves recognizing the risk, finding its probability, risk triggers, which risk being administered to first, and how these risks respond (Risk Management Plan). There are several procedures used in managing risks.Identifying risks and consequencesThis is the very first step the stakeholders should put into consideration. In different projects, the nature of the risk varies and changes throughout the process. Risks identified at the early age give confidence to the project since this decrease the degree of risk. Identifying risk helps an organization foresee major risks that might cause a great impact on the project. Studying each and every risk independently can be tiresome. It is therefore advisable to identify risks which appear to be crucial and give them the first concern (Risk Management Plan, 2002). According to risk management plan, some risks can be discovered immediately when the project starts while others are discovered as the project continues. These risks can either be int ernal or external. Internal risks can be controlled by the organization while external risks are beyond the control of the organization (Goh et al.,2013). In identifying risks, various persons are allocated in different areas to provide information to the manager. The team member should be conscious of the risks that are likely to emerge during the project. This team identifies risks that have the probability of affecting their project and list down their nature. Using the information from the team members, the manager formulates a risk register. Adjustment of the risk register occurs when the causes of the risks change (Risk Management Plan,).Firstly, one must have a legal paper written and drawn by managers to control the risk. Secondly, in order to identify a risk, the managers must understand the flow of the plan from the beginning to the end so as to recognize the risks that may interfere with the project. They also have to understand different types of risks which comprise of those risks that result from poor technology. Poor management of resources is another type of risk. This can result when the managers are unable to utilize the available resources for optimum output. Additionally, both the internal and external environments of the organization should be studied closely. Considering past stored data of the organization may be used as an input in identifying risk. (Project Management, 2002).Reviewing information from past projects, plans and books is one of the tools used to recognize the risk. This literature provides useful information concerning the project. Secondly, data collection is a powerful tool for risk identification. Depending on the size of the organization, a proper method is chosen to collect information. Questionnaires may be used to collect data from colleagues. Since the sources of the information are kept anonymous, there may be little or no bias on the information. Face to face interviews may be used as an alternative to questionn aires. However, this method may not give very accurate results due to bias. Another risk identification technique is the analysis of past organizational data. Some organizations store data files while others utilize cloud storage. Documentation of past projects may be a vital source of information to aid in the process of risk identification. Additionally, the general opinion of members may be the key to identifying the risks. However, these opinions have not been practically proven to be true, rather they are wild guesses. Pictorial representation of data may be used to identify factors that bring about the risk. It is vital to understand the various components that make up the organization and how they are linked to each other. This can be achieved through the above mentioned pictorial representations. Therefore, having known these, it becomes easier to identify risk. (Project Management, 2002)The output from risk identificationAfter conducting the risk identification process, out puts from the study should be can be dealt with independently. Firstly, one of the outcomes would be the risk itself. Conditions that pose uncertainty are termed as risks as we are unable to predict the outcome of an occurrence. In the event of a risk, an organization may either get positive or negative results. Secondly, another output from the risk identification process may be signs of an impending risk activity that may lead to unpredictable results. A risk may have already have occurred without the consent of the manager. Therefore, having identified these outputs, it will be easier to analyze the identified risks. Finally, from the process, we can also determine the activities that lead to the development of risks which may include poor resource management and failure to complete all the modules of a project. This may be due to inadequate data available for analysis. (Project Management, 2002)Analyzing and evaluating riskThis is the second stage that the stakeholders should pu t into consideration. This stage helps the team to know the likelihood of the occurrence of risk and the trigger that it will cause. Lack of appropriate raw facts can result in poor results. (Dziadosz et al., 2015). Analyzing in accordance with the trigger one must incorporate things like the cost. This should be included in the document, even if it does not have a direct impact on the project. Where the output is seen as if it will not be completed as it was foreseen also this should be included in the document (Risk Management). There are basically two ways of analyzing risk; that is, qualitative and quantitative. (Project Management, 2002)Quantitative analysisThe probability of the recognized risks is examined through a predefined process. Some risks have a greater impact on a project while others have less impact. The risks with a greater impact are dealt with first, followed by those with lesser implications. This may determine whether further research should be done on the ri sk. Analysis of available useful information helps the organization to analyze risks. This information may be available locally in the offices' files or the Internet. The likelihood of occurrence and the outcomes of these risks are investigated by using this method. It's a method which needs to be implemented throughout the project. (Project Management, 2002)Inputs to Qualitative risk analysisAfter identifying the underlying risks, there is a need to analyze them. Firstly, the use of a legal paper drawn by managers to control the risk should be implemented. This will particularly aid in maintaining policies that control the prevalence of risks. The risks discovered together with their implications for the project may be another input to the risk analysis process. During the early stages of the project, there are fewer risks meaning as the project continues to develop, other risks might emerge. The managers are able to know the likelihood of a risk occurring for projects that have be en done several times than for the projects that are starting from scratch. The identified risks should be well researched on and understood by all stakeholders of the project as it is being executed. (Project Management, 2002)Tools and TechniquesThe possibility of the occurrence of a risk is not certain. If it occurs, it causes a certain degree of impact which can be termed in levels. (Project Management, 2002). Therefore, the use of probability proves to be very effective. Mapping the risks to their respective degrees of impact could be another means. This will particularly aid in identifying the risks and the respective objective of the project that it impacts on. A project is usually divided into small manageable portions which have their own output, which are later merged to form the final project solution. It is therefore difficult to view the project as a whole when identifying risks. (Project Management, 2002).Outputs from Qualitative risk analysisAfter a successive risk ana lysis, the project behavior could be compared and contrasted with other previous projects behavior in the occurrence of risks. Projects may vary in size, scope and requirements, therefore, having different objectives. Objectives may be altered in the event of a risk. It is therefore prudent to compare the successes or failures of projects with each other and determine the main risks in each of them. With this information, a manager will be able to come up with alternatives to reduce risk. Additionally, Stakeholders are able to level risks, according to the urgency of being attended to. Those that are crucial are ranked high while the rest follows (Dumbarav, 2013). A list of high priority risks are developed. Since a project is timely, dealing with the major risks would be prudent. Finally, after a series of qualitative risk analysis on projects, it is possible to draw a bottom line. (Project Management, 2002)Quantitative Risk Analys...

Wednesday, July 1, 2020

Parallel Experiences Shape Atonement - Literature Essay Samples

In a very meta fashion, Atonement repeatedly places emphasis and raises questions about the significance and the role of the writer in literature. By eventually revealing that Briony has been the one penning the story all along, readers are left doubting nearly everything they have read before. Briony/McEwan’s comparisons of Robbie and Briony simultaneously paint Briony as a manipulative character influenced by class differences and a character that was truly trying to atone. While there is constantly an underlying importance in the role of the writer, the paramount issue is class differences. This overarching theme is largely seen through the parallel experiences of Robbie and Briony and the symbols that are shared between the two of them. Robbie Turner is a character that is never granted freedom. He is always pent up in many ways: He has to serve a family during his youth, he is strangled by his love for Cecilia, he is imprisoned because of his love for Cecilia, and released on the grounds that he potentially – and later, literally – give his life for his country. This damnation is entirely caused by the grave that Briony digs for him. Eventually, during his time as a soldier, a piece of the war gets lodged inside of him in the form of shrapnel. Later on, during Briony’s section, she removes pieces of shrapnel from many soldiers, who are frequently in worse shape than Robbie was. This is symbolic of Briony trying to redeem herself, especially as she briefly mentions how she was hoping Robbie would be one of the soldiers she would be taking care of. Even though she indirectly put Robbie in the line of fire, by saving the men in front of her, she is indirectly still trying to save Robbie. She is re moving the pieces of shrapnel from every body she wishes was Robbie’s – knowing that these are pieces of war that she essentially lodged in his body, therefore trying to atone for her sins. While this could speak to the theme of the role of the writer, it ultimately speaks to the role of class differences in England, especially between Briony and Robbie. Briony’s eternal inability to see past class differences is something that makes her character unredeemable. In this instance, the fact that she is placing Robbie in the warzone while simultaneously saving men from war’s consequences is symbolic of the ubiquitous control that the upper class has over the lives of the lower class. This is also epitomized through the role of Paul Marshall, who uses Robbie as a pawn to escape his own consequences and guilt. Because Paul and Briony are members of the upper class, it is infinitely easier for them to be able to manipulate the role that people like Robbie will t ake. Robbie never had a say in whether or not he would be sent to prison or war (the absence of a trial made that abundantly clear). Instead, it was Paul and Briony who decided his fate for him. The fact that it is Briony who is saving people like him and Paul who is feeding people like him reinforce the idea that the soldiers and other lowly people’s lives are completely handled by the elite. They have the choices: To feed, to starve; To save, to kill; To blame, to listen to. The value of a life is no longer an abstract, inspiring thing, but a unit that is assigned a dollar sign or a prison sentence. Try as she might to save the likes of Robbie, it was the likes of Briony that put him there in the first place. Whether or not Briony learned anything significant or developed throughout the novel in a substantial way, caring for the Frenchman especially changed her view of the war. His death is significant and seemingly symbolic of Robbie, as well. By this point, Robbie had already died. However, throughout the entirety of the war – and probably as soon as Briony convicted him – Robbie was forever stamped as a man who would not be able to fully be helped. Briony knew this even in the fabricated story she wrote â€Å"for him and Cee.† Coming clean about her lies would not impart justice upon a man married to his victim. Robbie would never receive proper reparations. Similarly, when she approaches the Frenchman, she is unable to help him and even â€Å"could not help feeling offended† because it would be a waste of her services elsewhere (287). While it would be easy for Briony to leave his side, find other patients who could be salvaged, and singlehandedly create a better world, she is ordered to stay by a man who would soon die. Spending time with him did nothing to tangibly create her legacy or perfect idealizations of herself. It was – by all means – a waste of time that could have been better-spent saving soldiers who had a chance, however immoral that is. That she spends his last moments with him; however, mirror the harsh realities of her life and interactions in relation to Robbie. For all intents and purposes, Robbie cannot be helped. Still she agonizes over the thought of him and what she has done. She sits and listens to the Frenchman who might not be deserving of her time when he needed her most. If she had sat and listened to Robbie (who she thought was not deserving of her time) when he needed her most, she might not have damned him. She creates a peaceful ending for the Frenchman’s life, and while she attempts to do that by penning their story, she never could truly reverse time and do that with Robbie. The parallel experiences that Briony and Robbie both experience are meant to further mimic the major motif of class differences. The two characters are so universally different, and yet, we see both of them completing their journeys in similar ways with similar symbols. Reiterating the importance and role of the author, pairing Briony and Robbie as dealing with similar hardships draws a level of understanding between the two of them. While we learn about Cecilia, Robbie and Briony are the only two minds we get to fully enter. In this way, the two become a pair and it creates a space to compare and contrast the two characters and their experiences. When they are both suffering from thirst and blisters, we see Robbie struggling with the idea of how much destruction and harm humans can inflict upon one another. He deals with the harshness and casualness with which war is approached. Briony gets glimpses of this through her experiences as a nurse, as well. Both of them come to the realiz ation that nobody can be unaffected by war. They are also compared by their enduring pain. Robbie constantly, but silently, comments on the pain from his bullet wound. Meanwhile, when the drove of wounded soldiers arrive at Briony’s hospital, she describes the pain of carrying in one of the stretchers. While the two instances are significantly shorter in the time they occupy – both for the characters and the readers – it contrasts the endurance of the two characters. While Briony almost immediately feels that â€Å"her left wrist could not hold up†¦her fingers were loosening†¦[and her] fingers went slack,† (274-275). While she paints herself as a person put in great effort to get the soldier to safety, it is still clear that at the â€Å"moment the war touched her life, at the first moment of pressure, she had failed,† (275). Robbie, on the other hand, does not stand for defeat. Throughout his strife, he knows that â€Å"you walked acros s the land until you came to the sea,† (206). At this point, he is too thirsty to eat and too blistered to walk properly. His â€Å"wound throbbed uncomfortably, each beat precise and tight,† which continues throughout his journey (189). These two parallels between their sufferings ironically expose both of their inner strengths. Briony is clearly much weaker than Robbie. Her journey through saving all of the wounded soldiers causes her nothing but thirst and exhaustion – which she doesn’t particularly notice throughout the event’s duration. Still, at the very beginning, she finds herself almost unable to continue her task after a mere few minutes. Oppositely, Robbie is able to last days traversing lands with a shrapnel wound throbbing at his stomach. He is physically stronger and still finds himself putting the lives of the rest of his compatriots in front of his own. The difference in Briony and Robbie’s worth to the world is astronomical; a well-educated man who is able to save soldiers, put on a brave face and persist through a healthy stretch of the war compared to an immature girl who is hardly able to help the first solider she comes in contact with. The irony in all of this lies in the fact that, still, it is Briony who survives. The worth of Robbie’s life is entirely diminished and devalued because of his social standing, an idea that is reinforced throughout the beginning of the novel surrounding his education and imprisonment. If he was given the opportunity, he could’ve been greatly beneficial to the nation, or even just his family or community. Briony is given the chance to demonstrate her worth repeatedly and the only thing she proves is that she can choose the right keys to press on a typewriter to make a good sentence. Still, the fact that she was born into a better family than Robbie dictates that her life will always be of higher value than his. No matter what he can do, their interactions prove that it was quantity of dollars, not quality of personhood, which counted to be deemed important.